The Cognitive Perspective

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The Neo Freudians

Here are your presentations- see this link

Psychodynamic Presentations (methods)

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The Learning Perspective

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What do you remember from chapter 5?

Chapter 5 Quiz

1. Psychodynamic theories are disinguishable from other approaches because of their concern with
A) the influence of past experiences on behaviour
B) the factors which shape personality
C) what motivates behaviour
D) all of the above

2. Freud's theory of psychoanalysis is called a Psychodynamic theory because
A) it is also a type of therapy
B) it emphasises the influence of mental forces on behaviour
C) of the emphasis placed on discrete neurological processes
D) it collects data in clinical settings

3. Freud's theory is based on the principle of psychic determinism, which assumes
A) the environment shapes the way we think
B) mental processes are governed by neural activity
C) behaviour is controlled by a non-physical spirit
D) all behaviour is based on mental causes

4. Freud agreed with all of the following ideas about behaviour EXCEPT
A) biologically-based drives are an important influence on behaviour
B) normal behaviour is based on different processes than abnormal behaviour
C) many thoughts and impulses are unconscious
D) clinical case studies are useful in understanding behaviour

5. If a person complains of a physical symptom, such as numbness in their hand, yet there is no physiological explanation, Freud would describe it as
A) sublimation
B) a form of catharsis
C) hysteria
D) latent content

6. If a patient in therapy began recalling a traumatic memory, and became emotional about it, Freud would say
A) this was an undesirable loss of conscious control
B) it was a useful form of catharsis
C) such memories were produced by the dream censor
D) a hysteria reaction could be manifesting itself

7. Freud often asked patients to say whatever came into their mind, as a way of trying to understand the individual's problems. This technique is based on
A) the idea that there are always patterns of associations in the mind
B) trying to catch the unconscious mind off guard
C) trying to eliminate repression
D) the use of catharsis as a clinical tool.

8. Sarah goes to see Dr. Zhivago, who is a psychoanalyst. He asks her to lie on a couch, and say whatever comes into her mind. The technique he is using is
A) sublimation
B) free recall
C) catharsis
D) free association

9. Freud observed that there are many thoughts and feelings which we are unaware of at a particular moment, but which can be brought into awareness.In his theory, these thoughts and feelings are part of the
A) conscious
B) preconscious
C) unconscious
D) none of the above

10. According to Freud's theory, repression can lead to experiences being held in the
A) conscious
B) subconscious
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

11. When he woke in the morning, John recalled a dream in which he had won a large prize in a lottery, but lost the ticket. This description is what Freud would call
A) an example of wish fulfillment
B) the manifest content of the dream
C) the latent content of the dream
D) content which eluded the dream censor

12. Freud argued that while we sleep, a dream censor is active, whose function is to
A) express the values of the superego
B) convert the dream into symbolic form
C) prevent any symbolic fulfillment of forbidden desires
D) hide the true meaning of the dream by creating latent content

13. Sue likes shopping, and always seeks out new clothing stores. However, she hates doing housework, and usually ignores the mess in her apartment. Freud would explain this behaviour in terms of
A) the law of effect
B) the principle of hedonism
C) the pleasure principle
D) the expression of Thanatos

14. When Freud described "sexuality" as an important drive, he meant
A) fantasies, not real behaviour
B) the desire for physical intercourse
C) only heterosexual sexual impulses
D) all forms of physical and sensual pleasure

15. Herman test-drives a new sports car at a dealer's. Although he really likes it, he decides that he can't afford to buy it. This assessment of what is realistic is characteristic of
A) the id
B) the ego
C) the superego
D) both the id and the superego

16. Freud believed that newborn infants are basically governed by the
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) reality principle

17 Twelve-year-old Hugh sees a CD he wants in a store. He is tempted to steal it, but doesn't because he knows it is wrong. Freud would say his decision is governed by
A) the id
B) the ego
C) the superego
D) none of the above

18. Which of the following statements about Freud's psychodynamic theory is correct?
A) The ego is largely unconscious.
B) The superego is responsible for reality-testing.
C) The ego is equivalent to the conscience.
D) The id is the source of basic drives.

19. Freud described rational thought as ___________, and stated that itwas associated with the ______.
A) primary process thinking; id
B) primary process thinking; ego
C) secondary process thinking; id
D) secondary process thinking; ego

20. According to Freud, infants engage in primary process thinking, which is associated with the ______, and which is intended to __________
A) id; reduce tension
B) ego; test reality
C) superego; satisfy drives by wish fulfillment
D) ego; repress drives

Working on the Psychodynamic Presentations

The Psychodynamic Approach

The term psychodynamic denotes the active forces within the personality that motivate behaviour, and the inner causes of behaviour. While Freud's was the original psychodynamic theory, the approach includes all those theories based on his ideas.

Read the newspaper article 'The Father of Psychoanalysis' and answer the following questions.

Introduction to psychodynamic psychology
1) Historical and Cultural Contexts.In order to fully understand Freud's theories you first need to have an appreciation of the era in which he was writing.
Read pages 204-206 in Approaches to Psychology
For this task you will need to get into groups to prepare and present a presentation to the rest of the group on one of the following topics:
- 19th Century Victorian Society
- 20th Century events 1900-1945
- Vienna in the late 19th and 20th centuries
- Science in the late 19th and 20th centuries
- Freud's family background, education and major life experiences
Information on Freud can be found at one of the Freud museum pages:
London
Vienna
Freud Exhibition

Freud, his theories and life in Vienna

General information about his life and the influence of other people can be found at this link.

Essay- At this point in the year you are not ready to attempt a full IB question, such as, describe the historical and cultural context of the development of the psychodynamic perspective. Instead I would like you to write a 350-400 word essay:
Essay: Discuss the historical and cultural context of Freud's theories of behaviour.

2) Frued's Theories- Read pages 206- 233 in Approaches to Psychology

Pages 206-207 Notes on Psychic determinism

Pages 207-209 Notes on Freud's theory of consciousness
(Students to prepare comparison table)

Pages 209-210 Notes on dreams
(Fun dream analysis)

Pages 211-212 Notes on instinctive unconscious drives

Pages 213-214 Notes on the tripartite theory of personality
(Pictorial representation of the mind and personality)

Pages 214-223 Notes on the 5 psychosexual stages of development
See the PPT presentation

Pages 223-228 Notes on defence mechanisms Link 1, Link 2, Link 3

Pages 229-233 Freud's methods of investigation

Psychoanalytic Theories Overview Powerpoint

3) Freud Video (The Young Dr Freud)

Techniques forResearch
Freud used the case study method when treating his clients (seeing them individually and investigating them in detail) often using the clinical interview method to probe their past and question their behaviour.
See The Little Hans Case Study and others

Answer these questions on the Little Hans case study handed out to you.

Free Association

Dream Interpretation

Freudian Slips

Using these web sites and pages 229-233 in Approaches to Psychology you need to complete a table of all of Freud's methods of investigation. You need to describe each method, give an example of when this was used (if applicable) and detail the strengths and weaknesses of each method.

A) Outline one or more techniques used for research in psychodynamic psychology (6)
B) Evaluate the techniques outlined in question A (14)

Evaluation of Freud
Using a variety of sources you need to name and explain a range of strengths and weaknesses of the Psychodynamic theory- these can be general evaluative points, methological issues, clinical validation of concepts, experimental validation of concepts etc.
Sources:
Glassman Pages 233-238

Empirical Research

Psychoanalysis Effectiveness

Relevance of Freud Today

Essay
Describe and evaluate the structure and functioning of the persoanlity in Freudian psychoanalytic theory (20).

The Neo-Freudians
There are a number of other Psychodynamic theories other than that of Freud. These are collectively known as the Neo-Freudians:
Jung
Erikson
Klein
Adler
Horney


You will get into groups and prepare a presentation on one of the neo-Freudians. This will be assessed- see the presentation rubric

Essay:
a) Outline two neo-Freudian theories (3)
b) Explain how these theories modify classic psychoanaytic theories (3)
c) Evaluate the contribution of one of the neo-Freudians theores to the understanding of human behaviour (14)

What do you know about Freud
Take this not so serious quiz to find out.

How can this approach be applied to everyday living?
Read this article published in Psychology Today- Think Like a Shrink

Psychological Perspectives

You have been reading about and participating in class discussions about why all psychologists do not agree. In psychology there are a number of different approaches (perspectives) that a psychologist can work from. I have prepared a short powerpoint to summarise the key people in psychology and the main approaches that we will be studying this year.